The automatic battery charger circuit design in this paper uses a circuit that can be called the simplest window comparator ever made with a single transistor (see figure). It begins to charge when the voltage drops below a predetermined value, and it stops charging when the voltage exceeds a predetermined value.

The voltage can be set up and down with a precise variable voltage supply. Normally connected relay leads are not connected to the 15V dc supply, which prevents voltage from being passed to the battery leads. This allows the upper and lower voltages to be accurately set. However, a 15 V dc charging source is connected to the circuit.

First, the variable voltage power supply is fixed at 13.3 V dc-- voltage of the battery which is fully charged, the battery and is connected to the connection point of the circuit. The slider of the VR1 is adjusted to the top of the positive pole of the battery . The slider of the VR2 should be adjusted to the end connected to the VR1. The transistor starts to work and shunts VR1. Then, the slider of VR1 is adjusted to the other end, that is, to one end of VR2.

Now set the test supply voltage to 11.8 V dc, which is the voltage when the battery is depleted. Then, adjust VR2 so that it stops the transistor from working. The test voltage is then increased to 13.3 V dc and VR1 is adjusted to operate the transistor. With the set up and down voltage, the NC point is connected to the circuit (15V dc charging voltage). The battery charger is now ready.

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