The working principle of solar cell 1. The operation principle of a solar cell battery is to use a valid photon energy to continuously excite carriers, maintain the potential difference of the P and N junctions, and after external circuit, it can be used as a power supply. Silicon Wafer: A solar cell is a device that directly converts light energy into electrical energy through photoelectric effects or photochemical effects. The sun shines on the semiconductor pn junction, forming a new hole-electron pair. Under the action of the pn junction electric field, holes flow from the n region to the p region, and electrons flow from the p region to the n region, and a current is formed after the circuit is turned on. This is how the photovoltaic effect solar cell works. Solar power generation There are two ways of solar power generation, one is the light-heat-electric conversion method, and the other is the light-electric direct conversion method. 2. How does photon energy excite carriers? Where is the potential difference? How to maintain it? In the absence of illumination, a built-in electric field is formed inside the pn junction. The diffusion current and the drift current of the carriers in the built-in electric field are equal, and there is no net current. When there is illumination, the eligible photon excited electrons travel from the valence band to the conduction band, producing photogenerated carriers (electrons and holes). The electrons and holes move to the n-region and the p-region under the action of the built-in electric field, so that electrons and holes accumulate at the two poles to generate a photo-generated electromotive force. Third, what is the size of the built-in electric field? Is it related to the photo-electricity? The size of the built-in field is related to the doping concentration and the forbidden band of the p-zone and the N-zone. More precisely, it is related to the Fermi level energy difference when the P and N regions are separated. The size of the built-in field is reduced after illumination, which is equivalent to adding a positive bias to the PN junction, and the barrier height of the PN junction is reduced. When the photogenerated electromotive force is equal to the PN junction contact potential difference when there is no illumination, the built-in electric field is zero, the photogenerated carrier pair will not be separated, and the photogenerated electromotive force will reach the maximum. The transition of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band needs to satisfy the balance of energy conditions and momentum balance. So I only said that the photons meet the conditions. Of course, photons with energy greater than the forbidden band width may not necessarily generate electron-hole pairs. Therefore, to enhance the absorption of light, it is necessary to make a suede surface or a coating film to reduce the reflection of light, and photons larger than the forbidden band energy are absorbed. . The surface of the pile, or the coating, reduces the reflection of light, and does not absorb photons larger than the forbidden band energy. In fact, the use of photons is mainly in the vicinity of the bandwidth. The recombination deep in the conduction band is very difficult to avoid, which means that photon energy is very difficult to apply. This is why multilayers are needed to absorb photon energy at different wavelengths with materials of different bandwidths. Otherwise, use the material with the smallest bandwidth (such as Ge). On the other hand, it is difficult for narrow-band semiconductor materials to have a good open circuit voltage for the obvious reason that the excited electrons do not need to overcome a large potential field. Fourth, why the suede can increase the efficiency, the shunt busting behind the process is not to try to eliminate the defects (Rsh becomes larger)? The suede can reduce the reflection of light and increase the absorption of light. There may be a negative impact, but the effect of the overlay is to increase efficiency.

Labeling Machine

Automatic labeling machine

This automatic round bottle labeling machine is suitable for all kinds of regular cylindrical or conical product positioning
labeling, widely used in cosmetics, food, medicine, daily chemical, toys, hardware, plastic and other industries, can achieve
full/half circle labeling, front and back circle labeling. Applicable for self-adhesive labels, dry film, electronic supervision
code, bar code, TWO-DIMENSIONAL code label, transparent label, etc. The equipment has high stability, good labeling effect, no
bubble, no wrinkle, labeling accuracy ±1mm.

Semi-automatic labeling machine

Suitable for different size of adhesive label or adhesive film on all kinds of round bottle,High accuracy and high speed,dispensing & labeling automatically.

Suitable range:

1.Round bottle, Round tank, Round barrel to self-adhesive labeling.

It is used in PET bottle, plastic bottle, glass bottle, Metal bottle and so on round bottle etc.

2. Composed by main body, sending paper, receiving paper, bottle orientation etc parts.
3. Putting the bottle to orientation part by manual and fix the bottle;
4. small size labeling machine, very easy to operate

Bottle Labeling Machine,Manual Labeling Machine,Syringe Bottle Labeling Machine, Flat round square plastic glass bottle labeling machine,Automatic square round bottles beer bottle labeling machine

WENZHOU GAOGER MACHINERY TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , https://www.gaogermc.com