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[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] The comprehensive breeding of paddy fields has attracted much attention from the society because of its considerable economic, ecological and social benefits. It has shown a vigorous development momentum in the Yangtze River Basin and the north and south of the Yangtze River. Jingzhou City has rich fishery resources and a long history of planting rice. The development of paddy field comprehensive breeding has unique conditions and advantages. In the past ten years, comprehensive breeding has developed rapidly. The breeding model represented by “Shrimp and Rice Continuous Cropping†is in traditional paddy fields. Transformation and upgrading of agriculture.
Breeding mode, traditional paddy field, agricultural transformation and upgrading
1. Practice, improvement and improvement of comprehensive breeding in paddy fields
The paddy field comprehensive breeding model originated from the early rice field fish farming. It has a history of 2,000 years ago. As early as the Northern Wei Dynasty, Jia Sizhen’s "Weiwu Four-Time Food System" has "Yixianzi fish yellow scale red tail, out of the rice field, Can be recorded for the sauce. Hubei was one of the provinces that carried out research on rice-fish farming in the early days. In the 1970s, Ni Dashu researcher carried out rice-fish farming experiments in Dongxihu, Wuhan. In the 1980s, the theory of rice-fish symbiosis was formally proposed. At the beginning of this century, farmers in Qianjiang City tried to invest wild crayfish in rice fields. After many years of exploration and experimentation on the living habits of crayfish, it was found that after harvesting in the low-lying fields, the crayfish were put into use and the rice bran was used as bait. The mode of catching crayfish before May, and then planting rice is suitable, and the net income of mu can reach 3,000 yuan. The considerable income and typical demonstrations have driven the rapid development of crayfish paddy field farming and have been summarized as "shrimp." Rice continuous cropping mode.
In the past ten years, the crayfish catering, processing and export markets have continued to flourish, and the comprehensive breeding of paddy fields has ushered in the spring of development. The comprehensive breeding model represented by “Shrimp and Rice Continuous Cropping†is in the ascendant in the Jianghan Plain, flourishing and summing up. Out of the "rice self-cultivation, crayfish together" "saving land resources from 40 acres to 50 acres" and other comprehensive experience in paddy field, derived from "Jiandao co-production", "shrimp fish and rice", etc. A variety of paddy field comprehensive breeding models, integrated paddy field breeding models and technologies are improving, and comprehensive benefits are continuously improved, which promotes the development of comprehensive breeding models. By the end of 2015, Jingzhou City has developed 1.78 million mu of comprehensive paddy field and produced 146,000 tons of aquatic products, accounting for 59.3% and 32.4% of the province respectively.
Second, the comprehensive breeding and breeding benefits of paddy fields
Integrated paddy field farming is an ecological agricultural production mode that combines planting and breeding. It realizes “one water, two uses, one field and two harvests, and food and fish win-winâ€, and the national food security strategy and farmers become rich and well-off. The organic combination shows strong vitality and strong developmental stamina.
Ecology. The comprehensive breeding of paddy fields follows the laws of nature, creating an ecological environment in which rice and fish live together, and naturally achieves the purpose of protecting and restoring ecology. The combination of cultivation and cultivation must reduce the input of pesticides and fertilizers, thereby reducing agricultural non-point source pollution. Rice straw returning to the field not only provides bait resources for crayfish growth, but also avoids straw burning and reduces air pollution. Straw returning to the field has played an obvious role in fertilizing soil fertility and increasing soil organic matter content. In the 1980s soil survey, the soil organic matter content in the Jianghan Plain was about 4.5%. At the beginning of this century, the soil organic matter content dropped to about 2.5%. According to the multi-year experimental research of the College of Agriculture of Yangtze University, the direct return of straw to the field can increase the soil organic matter content by 0.1% every year. The long-term insistence on returning the field will make the soil of Jianghan Plain become a fertile soil in the country, thus effectively enhancing soil water conservation and protection. Fertility can also contribute to the reduction of smog. Raising shrimp must have good water to prevent water pollution. Protecting the water environment has become the consensus of local governments and shrimp farmers. Many farmers have spontaneously joined the management of ditches and rivers, effectively preventing the occurrence of water pollution. .
Stabilize food. The comprehensive cultivation of paddy fields adheres to the development concept of “not fighting for food and not competing with peopleâ€. The low-water cold-soaked field is selected as the development focus, and the deep ditch of 2.0m or more is excavated around the paddy field, although the rice planting area It is reduced by about 12%, but because the back-shaped ditch can lower the water level, effectively implement the drying of the field, increase the effective ear and 1000-grain weight, and achieve the goal of stabilizing rice yield. According to years of practice, Zhou Baocai, a fishery officer at Mahaokou Town, Public Security County, believes that comprehensive planting in the low-water cold-dipping field can also increase rice production.
Increase income. The "shrimp and rice continuous cropping" breeding mode can generally produce more than 600kg of rice per mu, and produce 100-150kg of crayfish. The net income can reach more than 3,000 yuan, which is more than three times the pure income of pure rice. The annual net income of Xu Jinqiao, Liuhuqiao, Liuhuqiao, Liuhuchun, and Lixinchun shrimp rice model in Yuhe Village, Jianhe County, Jianli County were 2,917 yuan, 4,923 yuan and 3437.5 yuan respectively. In the Yuehu Village of Mahaokou Town, Gongmao County, which has a relatively mature development of shrimp and rice breeding mode, there are 350 households with 412 households engaged in shrimp and rice cultivation, and a family of two with more than 20 mu of paddy fields can achieve an annual income of 100,000 to 200,000 yuan. Revenue, the village's large-scale breeding family Gong Decheng, circulated 160 acres of paddy fields to carry out "shrimp and rice continuous cropping", Muping net income of more than 6,000 yuan, annual total income of nearly 1 million yuan, really let farmers become a socially respected occupation. When we were investigating in Yuehu Village, we obviously felt that this is a typical example of getting rich first in an industry. Gong Decai, a village party secretary, introduced that after selling shrimp in the spring, some farmers bought a car, some farmers built a house, and some farmers When you go out to travel, you can't make a mistake.
. The implementation of comprehensive paddy field breeding requirements can only use low-toxic pesticides or biological and physical methods to prevent and control rice pests and diseases, and objectively improve the quality of rice. Rice blast, rice straw and plankton in the water provide sufficient feed for crayfish growth, and the crayfish in the paddy field have low stocking density, large activity space, good growth environment, and are not susceptible to disease, and the quality can be guaranteed. This kind of shrimp rice and rice prawn produced through ecological breeding is increasingly favored by consumers. Although the “Yuehu Village†shrimp rice produced by the Public Security County Yuehu Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. is 30% higher than the market price, it is still in short supply in the surrounding provinces and cities.
drive. The increase in the area and production of crayfish has driven the rapid development of related industries. First, it has driven the development of the origin trading market. A number of brokers have emerged in counties, townships and villages to engage in crayfish fishing, acquisition, sorting and sales, which has promoted farmers' local employment. We saw in a crayfish trading market in Futian Temple in Jianli County that a group of rural women aged 50 or older are engaged in crayfish sorting. They earn more than 100 yuan a day and 5 to 6 months a year. Can earn 2 to 30,000 yuan, and realize the old, the small and the labor. The second is to promote the development of crayfish processing industry. Due to the continuous good influence of the crayfish market, many aquaculture and processing enterprises have turned to crayfish processing, such as the police double port, there are also breeding and processing enterprises to expand production scale, the new crayfish processing production line Such as Shishou Haowei source and Honghu Hongye; there are also industrial and commercial capital investment in crayfish processing, such as public security Meister, Hairui, and so on. The third is to promote the development of crayfish electricity business. After a simple refrigerating treatment, crayfish can be transported fresh and fresh, which is very suitable for online e-commerce mode of ordering and offline delivery. Therefore, Honghu Deyan Company has built China. The large crayfish e-commerce trading platform, Jingzhou District Golden Salmon, while doing the real-life cat flagship store, is also exporting products to Russia and other places through cross-border e-commerce platforms such as AliExpress. Every year, during the crayfish sales season, foreign e-commerce companies will go to Jingzhou to discuss the crayfish e-commerce business, and also promote the development of crayfish electric commerce.