Excerpts from newsroom.heart.org:

Key Findings from the Study:

New research published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, an open-access journal, reveals that most firefighters who died from cardiac arrest had underlying heart conditions that were confirmed through autopsy. These included coronary artery disease, structural heart abnormalities such as an enlarged heart and thickened left ventricle walls.

Among those who died from cardiac events, factors like coronary artery disease, cardiomegaly, left ventricular hypertrophy, and a history of heart attacks were strong and independent predictors of death. The study highlights that while firefighters face many risks on the job, the greatest threat comes from sudden cardiac events in individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular issues.

The study analyzed autopsy reports of U.S. male firefighters who died on duty between 1999 and 2014. Out of 627 total deaths, 276 were due to cardiac arrest, and 351 were trauma-related. Firefighters who died from cardiac arrest were significantly more likely to show signs of both atherosclerosis and hypertension-related heart disease compared to those who died from other causes.

Specifically, firefighters with a prior heart attack were six times more likely to die on duty due to a cardiac event. The research also found that conditions such as narrowed arteries, an enlarged heart, and thickened heart walls were common among those who experienced sudden cardiac arrest.

It's important to note that sudden cardiac arrest is different from a heart attack. While a heart attack is caused by a blockage in blood flow, cardiac arrest is a failure of the heart’s electrical system. Symptoms include loss of consciousness and abnormal breathing. Immediate CPR and emergency care are essential for survival.

The study has some limitations, including variability in how heart disease was described in autopsies, the use of a fixed threshold for diagnosing an enlarged heart, and the lack of data on lifestyle factors like smoking or hypertension.

To reduce the risk of heart disease, the American Heart Association recommends following the Life’s Simple 7 guidelines: manage blood pressure, control cholesterol, reduce blood sugar, be physically active, eat better, maintain a healthy weight, and quit smoking.

With one in seven people in the U.S. expected to die from sudden cardiac arrest, early detection and treatment of heart conditions are vital, especially for high-risk groups like firefighters.

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