Liquor brewing most of sorghum, wheat, corn, etc. as raw materials, the use of artificial cultivation of old cellar, fermentation, distillation, graded storage, carefully blending and other basic processes brewed. Liquor waste water refers to the industrial waste water from the production to the storage aging process, which is usually divided into high concentration organic waste water and low concentration organic waste water. Low concentrations of organic wastewater cooling water, washing water, washing water venues, the pollutant concentration is lower than GB "fermentation of alcohol and liquor water pollutant discharge standards," the emission standards can be recycled or directly discharged; High concentrations of organic waste water refers to the pan, yellow water, food soaked in water, which is rich in residual starch, protein, carbohydrates and other organic matter. Liquor industrial wastewater treatment methods are physical, chemical and biochemical methods, treatment techniques include filtration, gravity settling, air flotation, centrifugation, acid and alkali, anaerobic degradation, aerobic degradation, anaerobic - aerobic degradation. At present, China's large-scale liquor companies have their own unique sewage treatment project, process stability, water quality in line with GB "Fermented alcohol and liquor industry water pollutant discharge standards" in a discharge standard. However, there are still some problems that can not be ignored. This paper analyzes the existing problems in the white liquor industry such as the low utilization rate of organic resources, the release of toxic gases from anaerobic processes, the defects of traditional flocculants, the limited use of microbial flocculants, the large sludge output and the difficulty of treatment. These problems put forward the corresponding solutions, expecting to provide a theoretical reference for the treatment and comprehensive utilization of brewery wastewater. Problems Existing in Winemaking Wastewater Treatment and Their Solutions A white liquor wastewater treatment problems 1.1 The comprehensive utilization rate of organic resources is low: Brewing wastewater is rich in starch, reducing sugars, organic acids, esters, alcohols, etc. These macromolecules are difficult to degrade and are the main cause of pollution. Liquor brewing to food as raw material, yellow water, pot water and other organic waste water less harmful substances, have re-use value. Due to the economic cost and technical defects, most of yellow water and bottom pot water resources are not fully utilized. The high concentration of organic wastewater directly discharged into the sewage treatment station not only increases the difficulty of wastewater treatment, but also causes the waste of resources. 1.2 anaerobic process to release harmful gases: Wineries wastewater treatment projects include anaerobic decomposition reaction, the process of anaerobic microbial degradation of organic matter will produce carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and other harmful gases. Methane can cause headaches, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and even suffocation. Hydrogen sulfide is highly toxic and harmful to human health. Under certain conditions, equipment, pipes and instruments are also corroded. In the air, hydrogen sulfide is easily oxidized to SO2 to form sulfuric acid and then falls in the form of acid rain. CO flammable, highly toxic, can also cause dizziness, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms. The biggest harm of carbon dioxide is caused by the greenhouse effect, which brings people natural disasters like melting glaciers, rising sea levels and extreme weather anomalies. The use of open-air anaerobic equipment, is not conducive to the collection and treatment of toxic gases, coupled with business costs and technical constraints, these harmful gases are directly discharged into the atmosphere. Over time, will cause environmental pollution can not be ignored. 1.3 The use of flocculants is limited: During liquor industrial wastewater treatment, flocculant is usually used to reduce turbidity, color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) And nitrogen and phosphorus levels, or improve sludge settling performance. So far, inorganic chemical flocculants and macromolecule organic synthetic flocculants play an important role in the wastewater treatment, and chemical flocculants such as poly-aluminum sulfate and polyacrylamide are also used in the brewing wastewater treatment. Although the use of traditional flocculants can meet the wastewater degradation requirements, but its poor flocculation effect, the amount of large, there are security risks and so on. If sludge containing aluminum salts is poured into agricultural land in large quantities, aluminum crops will appear, the growth will be hindered, and even death will be caused. Secondly, the intake of harmful agricultural products will indirectly affect human health. In addition, polyacrylamide monomer is difficult to degrade, with neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity, long-term use will bring secondary pollution to the environment. These shortcomings of chemical flocculant, prompting the rise of a new generation of microbial flocculant research and development. Microbial flocculant is composed of microorganism or microbial metabolites (polysaccharides, glycoproteins, proteins, etc.), with the characteristics of high flocculation efficiency, good biodegradability, safe and non-toxic, wide range of applications. The use of microbial flocculants mainly involves the improvement of sludge settling properties, the treatment of high concentration organic wastewater, the degradation of wastewater from food industry and the subsequent treatment of fermentation broth. When the activated sludge in the aeration tank expands, adding the microbial flocculant can restore the sludge settling performance and increase the dehydration rate; the microbial flocculant can effectively reduce the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand of the high-concentration organic wastewater COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and so on. Food industry wastewater is rich in nutrients needed for microbial growth and metabolism, microbial flocculant treatment, can simultaneously achieve wastewater utilization and treatment. Ma Yi to white liquor wastewater as the object of study to study the different pH value, flocculant dosage and 1% CaCl2 on liquor removal of COD removal efficiency. The results of orthogonal experiment showed that the COD removal rate reached 52% when pH value was 9, flocculant dosage was 2.5 mL, and 1% CaCl2 dosage was 3 mL. Finally, the orthogonal test was used to study the flocculation effect of microbial flocculant-producing bacteria on the liquor of Bai liquor at the optimum COD removal rate, stirring speed of 120 r / min, stirring time of 2 min and standing time of 1 h 70.2%. Although microbial flocculant has many advantages, but there are still many problems, such as a single strain of flocculant fermentation flocculation poor physical flocculation; flocculation mechanism is not clear; medium cost is too high; these limitations limit the microbial flocculant Industrial production and its application. 1.4 Sludge generation and treatment: According to the statistics, 1 t of 65% vol liquor produced 48 t of waste water, with the amount of sludge generated about 1.5 t. Sludge is microbial proliferation and accumulation of organic matter degradation, was semi-solid state, high moisture content, poor dehydration. With the metabolism of microorganisms, the sludge will gradually age and deposit on the bottom of the aeration tank. Excess sludge will cause the decrease of aeration rate and the decrease of dissolved oxygen, eventually resulting in the expansion of sludge. Sludge swelling seriously affect the quality of effluent, increasing the difficulty of sewage treatment, or even interrupt the operation of the entire equipment. Sludge production, affecting the progress of wastewater treatment; sludge discharge will also affect the microbial activity in the reaction pool and stability. Sludge left nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients and a small amount of harmful substances, improper handling will pollute the environment. At present, the common treatment methods at home and abroad are landfill, land use, heat treatment and compost, and the appropriate treatment methods should be selected according to the characteristics of the sludge. Sludge waste liquor produced less harmful substances, rich in beneficial microorganisms, nitrogen, phosphorus and other organic matter, improper handling is not only a waste of resources and will cause secondary pollution. If the wineries choose to incinerate sludge, incineration produce flue gas, dust will pollute the environment; waste landfill waste of resources; sludge used as land, high phosphorous easily lead to soil compaction; immature composting technology. 2 solution 2.1 to strengthen the utilization of waste water production and application research: the reuse of yellow water and pot water is of great value. Yellow water by the role of esterification enzyme, the organic acids and alcohols are transformed into liquor containing the fragrance of the ester liquid, esterification EPT has 12 years of Rapid Tooling experience,by working closely with the customer and design team, we understand that real materials and higher quantities of parts are critical for testing, development,bridge production and clinical builds in very tight schedule.
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